Financial Statement Analysis of Ibm Free Essays

string(23) competition is very high. Budget summary Analysis of IBM Financial Statement Analysis of IBM I. Organization Facts IBM †International Business Machines Corporation The home office of IBM is situated in Armonk, Town of North Castle, New York, United States. IBM was established in 1911 as the Computing Tabulating Recording Company (CTR) through a merger of three organizations: the Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, and the Computing Scale Company. We will compose a custom article test on Budget report Analysis of Ibm or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now CTR received the name International Business Machines in 1924, utilizing a name recently assigned to CTR’s auxiliary in Canada and later South America. Standard Industrial Classification Codes are 7379 which are predominantly on PC and relative stuff. (CEO) of IBM now is Virginia M. Rometty. Executive of the Board of IBM now is Samuel J. Palmisano. The end date of ongoing monetary year of IBM is Dec. 31st 2011. Primary administrations IBM gives incorporate business counseling, IT related administrations, re-appropriating administration and preparing. Principle items IBM gives incorporate centralized computer, programming, framework and capacity. IBM’s significant tasks comprise of five business sections: Global Technology Services, Global Business Services, Software, Systems and Technology and Global Financing. In the most recent monetary year, IBM has a measure of 433,362 completely claimed representatives everywhere throughout the world. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) is the free evaluator held to review IBM’s united budget reports and the viability of the company’s inside authority over money related detailing. The stock ticker image is IBM. IBM regular stock is recorded on the New York Stock Exchange, the Chicago Stock Exchange, and outside the United States. Furthermore, the most recent stock cost was $188. 32 on Nov. fourteenth 2012 on NYSE. II. Business and Strategy Analysis 1. Industry Description and Competitive Anlysis Since IBM is a profoundly enhanced organization, it focuses on a few ventures simultaneously. So let’s state IBM for the most part focuses on the PC related equipment and programming fabricating enterprises. As we as a whole now, these two businesses supplement one another and rely upon one another while the most serious organizations consistently deal with the two ventures simultaneously. The PC related programming and equipment producing industry is portrayed by critical innovative work action and quick mechanical change. The quick pace of advancement in this segment makes a consistent interest for more current and quicker items and applications. While the div ision has become quicker than most different ventures in the course of recent decades, it faces difficulties from increasing costs, worldwide piece of the overall industry, and the fast pace of advancement. The fundamental contenders for IBM now are Hewlett-Packard, Dell and Microsoft. Here I will utilize the Porter five powers investigation to give a serious examination among these four organizations. Danger of new rivalry: The market of this industry is gainful in certain parts like significant level programming and edges, not very beneficial in some different parts like PCs. So we can say the market is as yet beneficial and is drawing in the new contestants, which has the likelihood to diminish gainfulness for all organizations in this industry. While in this industry, due to the presence of a few major organizations, the obstructions to passage are moderately high which are non-gainful for the new section firms. The few major organizations have held high brand value, client devotion, productive appropriation strategies and scale impact to diminish the expenses and increment the benefits. There isn't a lot of danger from the new firms to contend with IBM, there are high opportunities for other primary contenders like HP, Dell and Microsoft to enter the business sectors where IBM is making high benefit, well they have the RD abilities. Be that as it may, to make the greatest benefits, despite the fact that IBM’s primary contenders are Hewlett-Packard, Dell and Microsoft, every one of these organizations has an alternate center region. Dell makes a large portion of its cash on PC and server equipment, while Hewlett-Packard is progressively broadened as the pioneer in PCs and Imaging ; Printing just as offering IT administrations and Microsoft focuses on the PC programming advancement. So we can reason that there is danger of new rivalry, yet the level is generally low. Danger of substitute items or administrations: The danger of substitute items or administrations is moderately high contrasted and the danger of new rivalry. Additionally these dangers originate from the principle contenders. For items, for example, PC, most clients will look at the value, screen size, life time and different properties rather than simply the brand a similar route as administrations, for example, IT counseling and so on. Bartering intensity of clients: The haggling intensity of clients is likewise portrayed as the market of yields: the capacity of clients to put the firm under tension, which additionally influences the customer’s affectability to value changes. In this factor, since clients of these two businesses have numerous channels to get to the items and administrations, high data accessibility, various decisions, separated favorable circumstances of items and clients is additionally sort of value delicate. So we can infer that the bartering intensity of clients is solid. Haggling intensity of providers: The bartering intensity of providers is additionally depicted as the market of sources of info. Providers of crude materials, parts, work, and administrations, (for example, aptitude) to the firm can be a wellspring of control over the firm, when there are not many substitutes. Since there are a lot of providers in many parts, nearness of substitute continues being delivered, level of separation of sources of info isn't sufficiently high and provider rivalry is extremely solid. At that point we can reason that bartering intensity of providers is likewise in a lower level. Power of serious contention: Intensity of serious competition is the significant determinant of the seriousness of the business. Manageable upper hands through development, all these four major serious organizations have solid RD group and put away much cash on it. Furthermore, we can generally observe the ads of their items anyplace. Each organization has a separated serious system to focus on their own zones and holds supportable upper hands through advancement. So we can presume that the power of serious competition is extremely high. You read Fiscal report Analysis of Ibm in class Papers Given the Porter five powers examination above, here we have a general end that PC related equipment and programming businesses are moderately profoundly serious and economical dependent on the current circumstance and future improvement patterns. There do have some beneficial specialty market and a few regions can be grown further. The huge four organizations have their own points of interest and accentuation and furthermore contend vigorously with one another. There is no simple route for every one of them to lead taking all things together. 2. Industry’s Future Prospects Assessment When we come to discuss the future possibilities of PC related equipment and programming ventures, I’m sure that it won't be that promising like nanotechnology or hereditary treatment which is still in research period, since he PC related equipment and programming enterprises have been created numerous years, the vast majority of items, innovations and administrations have been experienced enough. Be that as it may, it is as yet productive and maintainable on the grounds that the world has been built up dependent on these two ventures. Without their help, the world can't step forward even a bit. Furthermore, the serious rivalry and quick substitution speed will drive these two enterprises to be grown quicker and quicker. There might be a few claims and administrative guidelines there going up against organizations, for example, the plagiarization, copyright encroachment, hostile to restraining infrastructure, ferocious rivalry, charge issue, neighborhood security, etc. These will be the principle legitimate issues that organizations of two these enterprises are positively meeting now will at present never end ever again. Plagiarization and copyright encroachment will be the two primary issues that these organizations should pay more accentuation on cuz these two are the indispensable parts for them to maintain their upper hands and make benefits. Joining the relative little organizations might be decided by the court saying it is purchasing the expected contender because of the worry of syndication of government. Relentless rivalry may not occur, while once it occurred, it will surely be a fiasco. Expense issue and the neighborhood assurance are constantly met up. Neighborhood government may ensure the nearby organizations by managing high expense to the outside contenders. Moreover, because of the quick substitution speed, the cost of items and administrations in these two enterprises will never be high as long as there is no restraining infrastructure. So the cost control is one of the key parts to decide these companies’ future. What's more, development will never be excessively. 3. Synopsis and Evaluation of IBM’s Future Goals and Strategies The following decade holds gigantic guarantee for IBM. They are particularly situated to convey the advantages of a huge new normal asset †a gusher of information from both man-made and regular frameworks that would now be able to be tapped to support organizations and foundations prevail in an inexorably intricate and dynamic worldwide economy. IBM has consistently realigned its business to lead in another time of registering and to empower its customers to profit by the new abilities that time is making. As a result, its financial specialists profit by a plan of action that is both reasonable over the long haul and powered by a portion of the world’s most appealing high-development markets and advances. It will be on target toward its 2015 Road Map objective of in any event $20 in activity profit per share and $

Case Study of Negligence Free Essays

Obligation of care Issue: Does litigant (David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery) possessed obligation of care to offended party (Tony)? Rules: * The neighbor standard: In Donoghue v Stevenson1, Lord Atkin reasoned that we as a whole owe an obligation of care to our â€Å"neighbors†, which means those people who we ought to have at the top of the priority list when we are thinking about moves that we make as we continue on ahead and private lives. * Neighbor Defined: â€Å"My neighbors are people who are so intently and straightforwardly influenced by my demonstration that I should sensibly to have them in thought as being so influenced while guiding my brain to the demonstrations or exclusions which are brought in question†. Predictability: For an activity in carelessness to succeed, it must be predictable that the demonstration (or oversight) of the litigant could make hurt the offended party. We will compose a custom paper test on Contextual investigation of Negligence or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The test is one of â€Å"reasonable foreseeability†, which is a â€Å"objective†. * Proximity: There must be some connection between the gatherings for the obligation to exist. As it were, closeness that expects care to be taken must exist. Application: As Tony was having the medical procedure in the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery, in this way, whatever will happen dependent on the medical procedure, it ought to be the obligation of care of the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery. Be progressively explicit, David is utilized there as a full-time dental specialist and he was the person who appended the fake teeth by solid dental paste rather than the way which suggested by driving dental specialists. On the off chance that David didn't change the method of connect the teeth, Tony could never get a serious contamination brought about by the strategy for fitting of the fake teeth. End Applying the neighbor rule and sensible predictability, David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery carry out owed the responsibility of care of Tony. Furthermore, it is predictable that the demonstration of the litigant, which might be David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery, could make hurt the offended party, which is Tony. Penetrating that obligation of care Issue: Does the respondent (David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery) break his obligation of care? Rule: * Reasonable individual Standard of care: the standard individual would have anticipated damage in the conditions and would have found a way to forestall it. The litigant will be in penetrate of their obligation if sensible advances are not taken to forestall predictable mischief. The test is a target one â€what a sensible individual thinks. * Weighting test: 1. The probability of injury: If the danger of injury is negligible, there will be no break of the obligation of care. 2. Gravity of injury if happening: The earnestness of any subsequent injury 3. Steps expected to expel the hazard: The means required to wipe out the hazard 4. Advantage (social utility) of the defendant’s direct: The social utility of the defendant’s lead must be weighed against the gravity of the hazard. Application As David’s lead is estimated against the sensible individual who ought to advised Tony there was a hazard to utilize the dental paste . It is conceivable that David get injured from the dental paste and the medical procedure. The gravity of injury is very genuine as his teeth dropped out of the new work area while he was on TV introducing the nightly news. After he returned home his entire mouth was hurting and he griped of serious torment in the hole left by extraction. For the means to take out the hazard, David ought to anticipate the damage which brought about by the dental paste and the conceivable outcome may cause. To wrap things up, there is no advantage (social utility) of the defendant’s direct. Truth be told, David could move Tony to his other coworker in the event that he is curious about with the way which proposed by the main dental specialist. Be that as it may, David decided to do it by utilizing the solid paste which causes all the harm. End Hence, David performed penetrate the responsibility of care of Tony as he was the sensible individual who ought to anticipate the harm and it is anything but difficult to dispose of the harm. Misfortune OR DAMAGE FOLLOING FROM BREACH OF DUTY Issue Was Plaintiff (Tony)’s harm the immediate consequence of litigant (David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery)’ penetrate? Rules * Causation (yet for test): But for the direct of respondent, would the harm have been endured? The test was clarified well by Lord Denning in Cork v. Kirby Maclean Ltd (1952) 2 ALL ER 402 at 407 , as follows: If you can say that the harm would not have occurred yet for a specific deficiency, at that point that flaw is in certainty a reason for the harm; however on the off chance that you can say that the harm would have happened quite recently a similar shortcoming or no issue, at that point the issue isn't a reason for the harm. On the off chance that there is more than one reason for the harm the â€Å"but for† test will have constrained application. In such case the courts will utilize a â€Å"balance of probabilities’ test in deciding causation. * Remoteness of harm (sensible predictable test, the test is objective) would a sensible individual have anticipated the harm? * Assessment of harms: the point of harms is to remunerate the offended party for the misfortune or harm that spilled out of the defendant’s break of obligation of care owed. Such misfortune or harms is measured by the appointed authority hearing the case to repay the offended party for their genuine misfortune as well as for their future potential misfortune also. Application After diagnosing of Tony’s mouth, it was affirmed that there was an extreme contamination in Tony’s gum that was demonstrated in tests to be brought about by the technique for fitting of the counterfeit teeth. Truth be told, as David chose to utilize the dental paste, rather than the customary technique that was suggested by the main dental specialist. What's more, David, who is the sensible individual, possessed the obligation of care of Tony. As indicated by the reality, Tony endures assortment of physical harm as well as physiological harm. He got discouraged because of his appearance and loss of work, and is seeing a guide for treatment who proposed him to go for a vacation. In this way, he had endured the clinical and dental cost complete $ 14, 000, loss of wages $ 12,000, and counselling$1,800. Also, the expense of outing is $ 5,000. End: Therefore, Tony’s harm straightforwardly came about because of David’ penetrate of obligation of care. In the event that He in common procedures is fruitful, a cure will be remunerated as pay of dental cost $ 14, 000, loss of wages $ 12,000, and counselling$1,800. What's more, the expense of excursion is $ 5,000. In addition, he could Defenses TO AN ACTION IN NEGLIGENCE Issue Are there any barriers accessible to litigant (David or the Bright Smiles Dental Surgery)? Rules Defenses to an activity in carelessness: * Contributory carelessness: It happens where the offended party can be held somewhat to fault for the misfortune continued as aftereffect of an inability to take sensible consideration against a predictable danger of injury. This standard has been adjusted by sculpture in Section 26 of the Wrong Act 1958 3(Vic. ): Where any individual endures harms as the outcome somewhat of his own flaw and incompletely of the issue of some other individual or people, a case in regard of that harm will not be crushed by reason of the deficiency of the individual enduring the harm, however the harm recoverable in regard thereof will be decreased to such degree as the court might suspect just and fair having respect to the claimant’s share in the duty regarding the harm. Willful supposition of hazard: if an individual accept the danger of injury intentionally, this is finished guard to a case of carelessness. It is troublesome resistance to ascend as it must be demonstrated that the offended party knew about the hazard and acknowledged that chance unreservedly. Application After checking Tony’s x-beams, David removed the teeth and set up the counterfeit teeth. Be that as it may, David was curious about the a cknowledged technique for appending counterfeit teeth suggested by driving dental specialists and rather connected them by method of solid dental paste. Be that as it may, it was David resolved to utilize the solid dental paste rather than the strategy suggested by the main dental specialist. On the opposite side, Tony should make sense of that his strategy is unique in relation to the one which suggested by the main dental specialist, and he ought to do some all the more counseling of the new technique which would have been utilized in his medical procedure. End Therefore, Tony contributed to his harm as he didn't check his new strategy which causes the expression and further harm. The most effective method to refer to Case Study of Negligence, Free Case study tests

Management Survey - SPSS Example

Management Survey - SPSS Example Management Survey - SPSS â€" Assignment Example > Critique and Analyses of Survey Data â€" “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, Survey Questionnaire IntroductionThe “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, has prepared a questionnaire that it has distributed to its members so that it could conduct a survey. The primary intention behind conducting the survey is to gather data to assist the organisation in preparing for conferences, publication of its magazines and journals and putting together advertisements for posts required by other organisations to be filled by professionals belonging to it. The organisation has 3,000 members to all of whom the questionnaire was mailed. As in relevance to this report data from 300 respondents has been considered for analyses. Part A - Critique of the Questionnaire The “Management Sciences Institute”, UK, questionnaire is a 27-item affair that is strategically divided into the following five main areas. Questions 1-8 pertain to the members’ personal detailsQuestions 9-14 pertain to th e manner in which members interact with the Institute’s Annual Conference initiativesQuestions 15-20 pertain to the Institutes Publications and the manner in which the members view and utilise themQuestions 21-24 pertain to the Institute’s Website and the manner in which individual members view and utilise itQuestions 25-27 constitute 3 questions that assess how members are involved in the Institute’s activities and how they view its committee After adequate study of the questionnaire and other relevant questionnaires prepared for the same purpose for other professional bodies it is found that the items are all relevant to the issue at hand and they also do the job efficiently. Thus, this critique does not in any manner deem it necessary to either add or detract any item to or from the existing list. Nevertheless, it is found necessary to comment on how some of the scoring of the questions can be done so that analyses of responses can be speedily processed and results can be construed efficiently. Scoring: For this purpose question items are taken individually and main area-wise. Members’ Personal Details: Questions 1-8 that pertains to this area has one singularity. Question 1, which seeks to delineate whether a member is an analyst, manager, consultant or academic constitutes an independent variable upon which the other variables in this area are dependent. Thus, it is necessary to at first determine whether a member is any one of these four categories before the other details elicited can be analysed according to this independent variable. This is done in sections 2 3 of Part B and it is found that results are easily derivable and construable. Thus, it is found that consultants are the best paid of the four while academics have the eldest age group. Now, something must be said as to how the various items in this area can be scored. Question 2 is not considered too germane to the issue at hand. Question 3 is an interesting case as it asks the me mbers to state in which part of England they operate. If the following scale is assigned â€" Scotland (1), North England (2), Midlands/Wales (3), South West England (4) and South East/London (5) it is found that the mean of the highest scale 5 is 2.5. This signifies that if the average score for this item is above 2.5 the members primarily operate in the south of England. Any average below that signify that most members operate above that region more the north. This is a rough but very useful indicator of where most members in a particular category are from.

The Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia - 2073 Words

The Right to Die Sometimes in life, things don’t turn out how one may have planned. Accidents happen, people grow old, and people get sick. These different events are not always comfortable, and sometimes even cause one to want to end his or her life. In extreme cases, when a person’s quality of life is beyond toleration or they feel as though there is no point to living, the issue of euthanasia often arises. Euthanasia is technically defined as â€Å"the act or practice of killing someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering†. In america people have the right to end their life. The topic of euthanasia is one that is highly disputed among people over the world.† Euthanasia means killing someone who is very sick to prevent more suffering† (Weaver 1). An example of this is â€Å"Terri Schiavo suffered severe brain damage following cardiac arrest in 1990. She entered what doctors call permanent vegetative state. In other words, a person seems to be awake but is not conscious. Ms.Schiavo’s husband and her parents fought about whether she should be kept alive by a feeding tube. The public and press argued over the issue as well. The case was so hotly debated that even then-President George W. Bush got involves. He signed a law aimed at keeping Ms. Schiavo alive. In 2005, Micheal Schiavo won the right to speak for his wife. Her feeding tube was removed. Terri Schiavo died 13 days later†(Weaver 1). Basically this is saying Ms. Schiavo died in order toShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia888 Words   |  4 Pages Euthanasia by definition is the act or practice of ending the life of someone who is very sick or injured in order to prevent any more suffering. In this controversial matter, are sick or injured people really all that â€Å"euthanasia† is referring to? In America, we have the freedom to choose, but do we have the freedom to choose life over death, or even death over life? Many discussions have led to the issue freedom of choice. Is allowing people to choose death, freedom, or encouraging theRead MoreThe Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia868 Words   |  4 PagesDarek Abe Johnson-Olin English 101 1 December 2015 The Right to Die Euthanasia, known for being the practice of deliberately ending a life, is usually performed to relieve an individual from incurable diseases or suffering (Methods of Euthanasia). Present incurable diseases can make life intolerable, take away the enjoyment of life, and make a life not worth living. Even with modern advances in medicine, there are some cases where pain can only be reduced, and a patient must endure this pain untilRead MoreThe Issue Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1942 Words   |  8 Pagesor even a friend, so generally they try to steer clear of that particular subject. However if euthanasia is brought up into the conversation views change and people want to make their voices and opinions heard, especially when it is in regards to their religious beliefs about the matter, sometimes it just sparks a flame deep down inside of an individual that they did not even realize they had. Euthanasia is, â€Å"the act or practice of killing hopelessly sick or injured individuals ( as persons or domesticRead MoreThe Issue Of The Euthanasia1349 Words   |  6 PagesEuthanasia has become one of America’s biggest issues in recent months, with the decision that 29 year old Brittany Maynard made. Brittany Maynard was a young woman that had severe brain cancer, and doctors told her that with treatment and medication she would only be alive for a certain amount of time. Britany had lived in California all her life, but later after noticing the impact of her illness decided to move to Oregon, a state in which a person can â€Å"Die With Dignity.† With her decision manyRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Euthanasia1427 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia: The main purpose of this essay is to focus on the controversy surrounding the issue of euthanasia and analyse the pros and cons arguments regarding euthanasia. This essay will aim to analyse in further details the complexity of the matter regarding euthanasia and will argue the pros and cons of euthanasia and will also debate the major impact that legalising euthanasia might have on the society, on the medical industry andRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Euthanasia1680 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia For a long time, euthanasia has been a controversial issue in countries all around the globe. However, with active technological progress, this topic becomes more urgent than 50 years ago. Undoubtedly, it is influenced by many factors. One of the leading debatable points is the invention and improvement of artificial life support devices. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of this theme as it is related to the most important value of each person – their life and lives of theirRead MoreEuthanasia Is A Controversial Issue2395 Words   |  10 PagesAs medical technology advances, people are able to become healthier and have a longer life. There are many moral issues between life and death. And we know that death is a stage of life and no one are able to control it. Imagine that you are in a pain of a deadly disease and there are no treatments are available to you, would you choose to live? Or would you choose to die? The answer to this question are subject to the pe rson, everyone would come up with a different answer. The desire of individualsRead MoreThe Issue Of Euthanasia1691 Words   |  7 Pagesand many people are looking toward euthanasia for the answer. Euthanasia is the practice of painlessly putting to death people who have incurable, painful, or distressing diseases or handicaps. It comes from the Greek words for good and death, and is commonly called mercy killing. It may occur when incurably ill people ask their physician or a relative or even a friend to put them to death. There are two procedural classifications of euthanasia. Active euthanasia refers to someone taking activeRead MoreThe Controversial Issue Of Euthanasia1150 Words   |  5 PagesEuthanasia should not be legalised in Australia. Good morning 10C and Ms Leoni, Today I am here to talk about the controversial issue of euthanasia. This year, the Greens party has planned to introduce a ‘Rights of the Terminally Ill’ bill into state parliament. This has raised the issue of whether or not euthanasia should be legalised in Australia. Euthanasia is the practice of ending a person’s life in order to release them from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. There are two typesRead MoreEuthanasi The Issue Of Euthanasia1675 Words   |  7 PagesThe question of euthanasia, also referred to as mercy killing, is among the most disputable topic on ethics in America. It refers to the intentional putting to death of a person with an incurable or painful disease intended as an act of mercy (Newhealthguide.org, 2016). Euthanasia is closely related to doctor assisted suicide. However, the two acts differ in that, euthanasia means injecting a terminally sick patient with lethal dose of a drug or withdrawing feeding tubes to let the p atient die of

The Effects Of Issuing An Auto Recall - 1967 Words

Current Situation As Americans, the value of using automobiles is almost unquantifiable in the convenience and mobility it contributes to our daily lives. For those of us that already own cars, the experience of being notified of a recall affecting this most prized of possessions can be a familiar one. In the case of even small defects, issuing an auto recall can have serious consequences for the companies that issue them. The purpose of my research this semester is to observe the economic fallout of issuing an auto recall, in the cases of both life-threatening defects and mere convenience issues. Furthermore, I would like to use this foundation of research to observe how customer loyalty to auto makers who have issued these recalls†¦show more content†¦Indirect costs, in this case, include quantifiable brand damage, effects on stock prices, and customer loyalty. Auto makers who possess a good reputation enjoy a number of benefits, such as the ability to charge higher prices, growth in sales , increased return to actual quality, and protection against market entrants [Rhee and Haunschild, 2006]. However, when an auto recall is issued, that good reputation can work against the auto maker in question. For example, a companies that are rated with the highest financial stability, as rated by Moody s Bond Record, tend to suffer the most following an auto recall, experiencing a loss of between -0.26%- -0.28% in their stock prices the day following the issuing of a recall. This translates to an average loss of $42.8 million in shareholder value following a recall announcement [McDonald, 2009]. Moreover, it is an observable phenomenon that the indirect costs of issuing an auto recall actually outweigh the direct costs as listed above [Rupp, 2004]. Purpose of the Research As stated above, it is worth observing the phenomena of auto recalls in both small convenience issues and in major safety defects. One of the factors that showed to have the most bearing on the economic effects and subsequent customer loyalty was which component the recall was being issued for. According to Rupp, the three components that cause the greatest drop in stock value and sales of their vehicles were airShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On Society1614 Words   |  7 PagesIndustry members need to be able to keep up with technological advances as they develop. In today’s society technology is advancing at a rapid rate. Technological factors are defined into products and processes and effect both internal and external environments. Technological processes like updated information systems, automated equipment and business processes have the ability to increase profit margins, reduces cost, increase efficiency and sustainability. As technological processes advan ce soRead MoreFirestone Case Danger on the Highway: Bridgeston/Firestons Tire Recall2747 Words   |  11 PagesFirestone Case Danger on the Highway: Bridgestone/Firestone ¡Ã‚ ¦s Tire Recall Bridgestone/Firestone, Inc., based in Nashville, Tennessee, has been in the business of making tires since 1900, when Harvey Firestone founded the Firestone Tire Rubber Company in Akron, Ohio. Firestone was acquired by Bridgestone USA, Inc., a subsidiary of Tokyo-based Bridgestone Corporation, in 1990 for $2.6 billion. Today, the company markets 8,000 different types and sizes of tires, and a host of other products. TheRead MoreDereciation as a Source of Fund2579 Words   |  11 Pagescompany assets. The funds are also cheap because there are no costs involved in issuing more shares and no borrowing costs. What this really means is that the managers of profitable businesses have more assets to use in productive activities. 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Loose cheque is issued if... ï  ¶ The party requires a loose cheque has the loose check requisition slipRead MoreImport Inspection Council Of Indi Ministry Of Commerce And Industry Essay8725 Words   |  35 Pageshealth and safety of their consumers by introducing regulatory import controls, especially in the food sector. Introduction of regulatory import controls has been causing problems to the Indian exporters in terms of multiple inspection, rejections and recall/ destruction of consignments not conforming to their requirements. This has made the role of Export Inspection Council (EIC) and Export Inspection Agencies (EIAs) more relevant in the context of India’s efforts to set ambitious export targets and

Edward Weston Free Essays

Edward Weston was one of the biggest figures of twentieth-century photography and one of the most influential. This essay is will Weston brilliance in creating beautiful and neutral views of patterns and ordinary shapes, made him internationally acknowledged (Travis 2001, p. 63). We will write a custom essay sample on Edward Weston or any similar topic only for you Order Now Travis (2001) claimed that over the years Edward Weston style had changed and he developed an ability to make his own life experiences into the fascinating subjects of his art. However, in earlier days, that transformation of Weston works had been obscure to most scholars and enthusiasts because it was very elusive and his main subject taters were still mostly naked human forms and objects from the natural surroundings. He had begun to show hints of moods in his photography. Some viewers found his photographs of tide-pool rocks and cypress trees as painful, saddening. They took the tone of the peaceful ocean after a storm as depressive imagery. A higher level of compositional techniques was starting to show in Weston work from 1939 to 1940. Masculine curves and feminine components, signs of living and dead, and a contrast of light and shadow in a single frame, embellished the photographs. Nevertheless, as Weston grew past his technical skills, he made images hat held more philosophical meanings and a bigger range of understandings. Some may think that his photographs from 1944 to 1948 reflect very thoughtful and more melancholy atmospheric images, possibly because of the conflicts of his divorce, his four sons’ entry into the military and the beginning of his Parkinson disease at that time. The series of landscapes he shot at Point Lobos in 1938 (Fig. ) undeniably mirrored Weston personal life more than any he had produced before (Travis 2001, p. 63). Meadow (1978, p. 55) suggested that, In Weston bibliographic works there was hidden interaction between model and the photographer. Weston made his photographs when his subject emotionally stimulates him. Weston (1939) wrote, â€Å"l am a realist, but not a literal ism †¦ â€Å". Weston nude photographs were wonderful because there were trace of the interaction between Weston and his subjects. It is possible that what we see, what we respond to, is almost like the conversation between photographer and his subject. Although, Weston perspective on what he was doing at the time was different. Truth was the only thing he wanted to demonstrate through his work (Meadow 1978, p. 55). Meadow (1978, p. 1) also stated Weston nude works had a spiritual implications to it. It was a very American way of thinking: that nudity was considered good for the body and also for the soul. However. Weston was a true formalist who visualized his prints meticulously. He reduced any chance of movement, alteration or accident during the process of the photo-shoot (Shelley 1976, p. 127). Weston nude photographs are often shown as close-up shots of partial areas separated from the background, instead of being focused on entire objects upfront. There was no inner interpretation in favor of simple aesthetics of the presentation of the flesh. Weston has written in his Daybooks claiming that his creative work, his private life was separate. The diaries include many of his comments revealing frustrations with his momentary type of impressions and feelings (Shelley 1976, p. 127). Many of the images he produced during asses present the same features as the piece he made in 1942 (Fig. ) a naked female figure wearing nothing but a gas mask, leaned against the sofa, her body facing toward the camera. A spacious but old couch is repeating the verticals and the horizontals, and its also filling most of the whole picture. How to cite Edward Weston, Papers

The Life Of A Famous Author, Charles Dickens Essays -

the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens INTRODUCTION This report will talk about the life of a famous author, Charles Dickens. It will tell you about his early, middle, and later years of his life. It will also talk about one of his great works of literature. In conclusion, this report will show a comparison of his work to his life. EARLY LIFE Charles Dickens was born at Landport, in Portsea, on February 7, 1812. His father was a clerk in the Navy Pay-Office, and was temporarily on duty in the neighborhood when Charles was born. His name was John Dickens. He spent time in prison for debts. But, even when he was free he lacked the money to support his family. Then, when Charles was two they moved to London. 1 Just before he started to toddle, he stepped into the glare of footlights. He never stepped out of it until he died. He was a good man, as men go in the bewildering world of ours, brave, transparent, tender-hearted, and honorable. Dickens was always a little too irritable because he was a little too happy. Like the o ver-wrought child in society, he was splendidly sociable, and in and yet sometimes quarrelsome. In all the practical relations of his life he was what the child is at a party, genuinely delighted, delightful, affectionate and happy, and in some strange way fundamentally sad and dangerously close to tears. 2 At the age of 12 Charles worked in a London factory pasting labels on bottles of shoe polish. He held the job only for a few months, but the misery of the experience remain with him all his life. 3 Dickens attended school off and on until he was 15, and then left for good. He enjoyed reading and was especially fond of adventure stories, fairy tales, and novels. He was influenced by such earlier English writers as William Shakespeare, Tobias Smollet, and Henry Fielding. However, most of the knowledge he later used as an author came from his environment around him. 4 MIDDLE LIFE Dickens became a newspaper writer and reporter in the late 1820's. He specialized in covering debates in Parliament, and also wrote feature articles. His work as a reporter sharpened his naturally keen ear for conversation and helped develop his skill in portraying his characters speach realistically. It also increased his ability to observe and to write swiftly and clearly. Dickens' first book, Sketches by Boz (1836) consisted of articles he wrote for the Monthly Magazine and the London Evening Chronicles.5 On April 2, 1836 he married Catherine Hogarth. This was just a few days before the anoucement that on the 31st he would have his first work printed in The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. And this was the beginning of his career. 6 Then, at 24, Dickens became famous and was so until he died. He won his first literary fame with The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Published in monthly parts in 1836 and 1837 the book describes the humorous adventure and misadventures of the English Countryside. After a slow start, The Pickwick Papers as the book was usually called gained a popularity seldom matched in the history of literature. 7 Then in 1837, Catherine's sister Mary, died. Because of her death Dickens' suffered a lot of grief. This led some scholars to believe that Dickens loved Mary more than Catherine. Catherine was a good woman but she lacked intelligence. Dickens and Catherine had 10 children. Then later in 1858, the couple seperated. 8 LATER LIFE His later years was basically consisting of two main additions to his previous activites. The first was a series of public readings and lectures which he began giving it systematically. And second, he was a successive editor. Dickens had been many things in his life; he was a reporter , an actor, a conjurer, a poet, a lecturer, and a editor and he enjoyed all of those things. 9 Dickens had a remarkable mental and physical energy. He recorded all his activites in thousands of letter, many of which made delightful readings. He spent much of his later life with crowded social friends from arts and literature.

Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essays

Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essays Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essay Outline labelling theory and consider its usefulness in understanding youth crime and anti-social behaviour in Britain today. Essay Outline labelling theory and see its utility in understanding young person offense and anti-social behavior in Britain today. Labeling theory claims that aberrance and conformance consequences non so much from what people do but from how others respond to those actions, it highlights societal responses to offense and aberrance Macionis and Plummer, ( 2005 ) .Deviant behavior is hence socially constructed. This essay will depict in full the labelling theory and remark on the importance of the theory to the aberrant behavior of the young person and the anti-social behavior of the young person in Britain today. The labelling theory becomes dominant in the early 1960s and the late seventiess when it was used as a sociological theory of offense influential in disputing Orthodox positiveness criminology. The cardinal people to this theory were Becker and Lement.The foundations of this position of aberrance are said to hold been foremost established by Lement, ( 1951 ) and were later developed by Becker, ( 1963 ) .As a affair of fact the labelling theory has later become a dominant paradigm in the account of devience.The symbolic interaction position was highly active in the early foundations of the labelling theory. The labelling theory is constituted by the premise that aberrant behavior is to be seen non merely as the misdemeanor of a norm but as any behavior which is successfully defined or labelled as pervert. Deviance is non the act itself but the response others give to that act which means aberrance is in the eyes of the perceiver. Actually the labelling theory was built on Becker, ( 19 63:9 ) statement that Social groups create aberrance by doing the regulations whose misdemeanor constitute aberrance, and by using those regulations to peculiar people and labelling them as foreigners aberrance is non a quality of the act of a individual commits, but instead a effects of the application by others of regulations and countenances to an offender The pervert is one to whom that label has successfully been applied. Deviant behavior is behaviour that people so label. The manner out is a refusal to dramatise the immorality. The labelling theory connects to great sociological thoughts of Dukheim the symbolic interactionism and the struggle theory. The theory besides draws from the thought of Thomas ( 1928 ) that when people define state of affairss as existent they become existent in their effects. Lement, ( 1951-1972 ) distinguishes aberrance into primary and secondary aberrance in which he described primary aberrance as those small reactions from others which have small consequence on a individual s ego construct and secondary aberrance as when people push a aberrant individual out of their societal circles which leads the individual to be embittered and seek the company of the people who condone his behaviour.Lement farther argued that instead than seeing a offense as taking to command it may be more fruitful to see the procedure as one in which control bureaus structured and even generated offense. Secondary aberrance leads to what Goffman ( 1963 ) pervert calling. This will later leads to stigma which is a powerful negative societal label that radically changes a individual s ego construct and societal individuality. A condemnable prosecution is one manner that an person is labelled in a negative instead than in a positive manner. Stigmatizing people frequently leads to re trospective labelling which is the reading of person s past consistent with the present aberrance Seheff ; ( 1984 ) .Retrospective labelling distorts a individual s life in a damaging manner guided by stigma than any effort to be just. No societal category stands apart from others as being either condemnable or free from criminalism. However harmonizing to assorted sociologists people with less interest in society and their ain hereafter typically exhibit less opposition to some sorts of devience.Labelling theory asks what happens to felons after they have been labelled and suggests that offense may be highlighted by condemnable countenances therefore directing one to prison may assist to outlaw an single further. Stigmatizing immature wrongdoers may really take them into a condemnable calling. Howard S.Becker, ( 1963 ) one of the earlier interaction theoreticians claimed that societal groups create aberrance by doing the regulations whose misdemeanor constitute aberrance and by using those regulations to peculiar people and labelling them as foreigners. Furthermore the labelling theoretical attack to deviance dressed ores on the societal reaction to deviance committed by persons every bit good as the interaction processes taking up to the labelling. The theory therefore suggests that criminology has been given excessively much attending to felons as types of people and deficient attending to the aggregation of societal control responses. That hence means the jurisprudence, the constabulary, the media and the public publications helps to give offense its form. This is supported by the struggle theory which demonstrates how aberrance reflects inequalities and power.This attack holds that the causes of offense may be linked to inequalities of category, race and gender and that who or what is labelled as aberrant depends on the comparative power of classs of people.Cicourel s survey on Juvenile justness in California, ( 1972 ) pointed out that constabulary stereotypes result in black, white category young person being labelled felon. The struggle theory links aberrance to power in the signifier of the norms and the Torahs of most societies which bolster the involvements of the rich and powerful. The labelling theory links deviance non to action but to the reaction of others.The construct of stigma, secondary aberrance and aberrant calling demonstrates how people can integrate the label of aberrance into a permanent self-concept. Political leaders recognises that labelling was a political act for it made them aware on which regulations to implement, what behavior is to see as pervert and which people labelled as foreigners may necessitate political aid Becker, ( 1963-7 ) .Political leaders went on to bring forth a series of empirical surveies refering the beginnings of deviancy definitions through political actions in countries such as drugs statute law, moderation statute law, delinquency definitions, homosexualism, harlotry and erotica. Becker, ( 1963 ) examines the possible effects upon an person after being publically labelled as pervert. A label is non impersonal ; it contains an rating of the individual to whom it is applied. It will go a maestro label in the sense that it colours all the other positions possessed by an person. If one is labelled as a pedophile, condemnable or homosexual it is hard to reject such labels for those labels mostly overrides their original position as parents, worker, neighbour and friend. Others view that individual and respond to him or her in footings of the label and be given to presume that person has the negative features usually associated with such labels. Since an person s ego construct is mostly derived from the responses of others they will be given to see themselves in footings of that label. This may bring forth a ego carry throughing prognostication whereby the aberrant designation becomes the commanding 1. This links to the interactionist attack which emphasizes the im portance of the significances the assorted histrions bring to and develops within the interaction state of affairs. However the labelling theory has its failings which includes Liazos, ( 1972 ) who noted that although the labelling theoreticians aims to humanize the aberrant person and show that he or she is no different than other persons except possibly in footings of chance. It nevertheless by the really accent on the pervert and his individuality jobs and subculture the opposite consequence may hold been achieved. He farther suggested that while sing the more usual mundane types of aberrance such as homosexualism, harlotry and juvenile delinquency the labelling theoreticians have wholly ignored a more unsafe and malevolent types of aberrance which he termed covert institutional force. He pointed out that this type of force leads to such things as poorness and development for illustration the war in Vietnam, unfair revenue enhancement Torahs, racism and sexism. It is questionable whether labelling theoreticians should even try to discourse signifiers of aberrance such as this in the same manner as more platitude single offenses or whether the two should be kept wholly separate being so different in capable affair. Akers, ( 1994 ) besides criticized the labelling theory by indicating out that it fails to explicate why people break the jurisprudence while the bulk conform explicating that people go about minding their ain concern and so wham-bad society comes along and stops them with a stigmatised label. The theory fails to explicate why the moral enterprisers react in the mode described but instead incriminations society and portrays felons as inexperienced person victims which is non ever the instance. To counter for the negative effects of punitory steps to youth offense and anti-social behavior the British authorities introduced the ASBO and ABC which means anti societal behavior orders and acceptable behaviors respectively.ASBO and ABC are recent developments in Britain which were designed to set a halt to anti-social behavior by the person on whom they are imposed.ASBO is a statutory creative activity and it carries legal force where as an ABC is an informal process though non without legal significance. Both types of intercessions are aimed at halting the job behavior instead than penalizing the wrongdoer which may take an single into a aberrant calling. The ABC proved most effectual as a agency of promoting immature grownups, kids and parents to take duty for unacceptable behavior. These steps are being used to better the quality of life for local people by undertaking behaviors such as torment, graffito, condemnable harm and verbal maltreatment without outlawing the wrongdoe r. The offense and upset act ( 1998 ) contains the cardinal elements of labor s new young person justness system which saw the constitution of the young person justness and the restructuring of the non tutelary punishments available to the young person tribunal. The authorities believed that forestalling piquing promotes the public assistance of the single immature wrongdoer and protects the populace. The young person justness board oversees the young person piquing squads which has a figure of functions including measuring the hazard and protective factors in a immature individual s life that relate to their piquing behavior to enable effectual intercessions to be implemented, supplying support to immature people who have been released from the detention into the community and early intercession and preventive work both in criminalism and anti-social behavior. To further cut down the effects of labelling the British authorities is undertaking anti-social behavior and its causes by undertaking household jobs, hapless instruction attainment, unemployment, intoxicant and drug abuse. The most successful intercessions to be implemented where noted to be those that engage the person in altering their ain behavior. This is being done guaranting that an single understands the impact of their behavior to the community whilst offering the necessary support to conform. Rather than labelling and outlawing an single the British authorities came up with effectual advice, councelling and support that enable people who behave anti-Socially to alter their behavior. Perpetrators immature and grownups have issues in their lives that require the aid and support of professional, statutory or voluntary administrations. Issues like money direction and debt, communicating troubles with the household, immature people fighting within the educational or employment because of piquing behavior and victims of domestic force can all profit from available services in Britain today. This essay hence concludes that labelling theory is tremendously influential in directing attending towards the relation and slightly arbitrary nature of dominant definitions of offense and criminalism in Britain. It besides critizes the condemnable justness and the bureaus of societal control for it reflects on the effects of our societal reaction and advocators for alterations in public policy on juvenile justness, renewing justness, de-institutionalisation and communitarian attacks. The powerful penetrations of the labelling theory made the British governments to rethink once more on the tough on offense stance hence the debut of new renewing steps which does non label or outlaw immature wrongdoers. The labelling theory is hence rather utile in understanding that the rise in the yob civilization, gang civilization and hoody civilization in Britain was a consequence of outlawing immature wrongdoers instead than turn toing issues taking the immature into offense and anti-social beha vior. Mentions Berker and Howard, S ( 1963 ) Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of aberrance, New York: free imperativeness Goffman, E ( 1963 ) Stigma: Notes on the direction of spoilt individuality, Prentice-hall Hall, S ( 1978 ) Patroling the crisis, The Macmillan imperativeness LTD Haralambos, M and Holborn ( 1991 ) Sociology subjects and positions, Collins instruction. Macionis, J and Plummer, K ( 2005 ) Sociology a planetary debut, Pearson instruction limited. Taylor et Al, ( 1973 ) the new criminology for a societal theory of devience, Routledge

Heres the One of the Oldest Peace Treaties from the Ancient World

Here's the One of the Oldest Peace Treaties from the Ancient World columbia.edu/cu/arthistory/faculty/Bahrani.htmlLets head back to the Early Dynastic Period in ancient Mesopotamia: more specifically, the southern part, a.k.a. Sumer. Around 2500 B.C., the predominant polities, resulting from consolidation of power in small areas, were city-states; they began compete for domination of local resources and influence. Two in particular, Umma and Lagash, battled particularly hard, resulting in the Stele of the Vultures, one of the oldest historiographical monuments. Pretty epic.   There are seven remaining fragments of the Stele of Vultures, now in the Louvre. Found on what was once the town of Girsu, part of Lagashs sphere of influence, it was erected by one Eannatum, ruler of Lagash, around 2460 B.C. The stele depicts Eannatums version of his conflict with the neighboring city-state of Umma over a tract of land bordering both territories. The inscription on the stele is quite long, longer than most votive plaques, indicating that this is a new type of monument. One of the first monuments we know to be intended for public view, its also one the first example historians have of ancient rules of war. The stele has two sides: one historical and one mythological. The first features several different registers, most of which depict the military campaign waged by Lagash against Umma. A chronological narrative is divided into an easily readable tripartite story. One register depicts Eannatum, clad in a fleecy garment worn by kings (here, we see the development of the image of the warrior-king), and marches with tons of fierce soldiers with pikes. Lagash tramples its enemies into the ground. The second register shows a victory parade, soldiers marching behind their king, the next register brings to life funerary proceedings, in which the men of Lagash bury their massacred enemies. On the reverse of the stele, we get the mythological story of how the divine forces intervened on behalf of Lagash. Its in direct contrast to the historiographic narrative featured on the previous side of the stele. According to Eannatum, he was the son of his citys patron god, Ningirsu. Its on behalf of Ningursu that Eannatum claims he went to war; after all, the city of Lagash and its boundaries belonged to the god himself, and it was sacrilege to transgress upon his land. Vultures swarm around the bodies, giving the stele its name. Depicted most prominently on this side is Ningursu, holding the enemy soldiers of Umma in a giant net, the ​shushgal  net.  In one hand he holds the net; in the other is a mace, with which he smacks nude soldiers  in  the net. On top of the net sits a symbol of Ningursu, the mythical  imdugud  bird. Made up of an eagle body and a lion head, the hybrid creature personified the power of rainstorms. As Ningursu, shown as bigger than any human, single-handedly dominates these soldiers, we see the god as a wielder of power on his own; the king served the god of his city (and his putative father), not the other way around. So this imagery is great, but what about the actual treaty between the kings of Lagash and Umma? Placed on the boundary between the two cities, this monument involved oaths to half a dozen really important Sumerian deities, who were always invoked in treaties as witnesses. The men of Umma were supposed to swear by Enlil, another important god, that theyd respect the boundary and the stele. In exchange for Umma giving up its claim to Lagashs land, though, Eannatum promised to rent another tract of territory to Umma. Later, though, it was revealed that Umma never paid rent, so the cities went to war again. Eannatums successor, Enmetena, had to push his enemies back again. In addition to creating a new treaty, Eannatum showed himself a restorer of old monuments, reaffirming himself as a builder-king in the vein of his predecessors, as he rebuilt a stele put up there by King Mesalim of Kish years earlier.   Sources include Zainab Bahranis classes at Columbia University.

Leadership Lessons from Abraham Lincoln Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership Lessons from Abraham Lincoln - Article Example This article was published in the April 2009 issue of Harvard Business Review. The article includes an interview conducted between the author of the article and Doris Kearns Goodwin, who is the author of a 2005 bestseller book. The author has developed the interview by asking various questions relating to how President Abraham Lincoln was the best president America has ever seen and what made him develop such good qualities of leadership. Goodwin has also replied quite well to the questions asked and has quoted various examples along with presenting similarities and the dissimilarities between Abraham Lincoln and President Obama. The article is based on a number of insights, the basic one being that the lessons of leadership that were learned from Abraham Lincoln can not only be applied to the political viewpoint but also has the capacity to be utilized in other fields of life. Goodwin brings to the audience’s attention that both the former and current presidents always prefer those people who are best at what they do regardless of their dislikes towards the president himself. The basic purpose of choosing such colleagues was to work with people who had the ability to disagree and argue with the president at times when he was considered wrong. The next key concept that has been discussed in the interview is that even though the colleagues question our decisions and thinking regarding the situation, at the end of the day it is the leader who has to make the decisions and stand firm on that decision. The author quotes an example regarding the abolishment of slavery in the United States where many cabinet members opposed Lincoln but he made his decisions on what he felt was right. The author talks about other characteristics of Abraham Lincoln such as his emotional intelligence, which allowed him to learn from his mistakes, his charisma that made him loved by all even his competitors and

Sandy Springs Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sandy Springs Community - Essay Example I live in Sandy Springs, Georgia, a city full of life and robust business. Under the clear skyline on a sunny day, Sandy Springs has a spectacular view. The city has towering buildings that forms offices and business space. It is due to the high number of offices and business premises in the city, that Sandy Springs is always a buzz with activity. I am a Catholic, an astute follower of Christian doctrines. For four years, I played basketball in high school, winning different medals in different basketball competitions. I count myself as a motivational force to the young people, especially those who have the passion of pursuing sports as a career. Through my basketball talent, I was able to tour different places within and around Sandy Springs. Therefore, I frequently join them in our local church’s pitch and provide them with free training on how to become a successful basketball player. I also play the piano in my church, as well as take part in different social work. Sandy S prings has different hospitals, treating people with different kinds of sicknesses or injuries. Annually, I donate blood to these hospitals, with the knowledge that I play a big role in saving other people’s lives. Sandy Springs has different kinds of people. Wealth, education, career, religion and beliefs divide people into different classes and groups. Wealthy Sandy Springs dwellers substantially differ with the poor. Lifestyle is one of the differentiating factors between the dwellers. Although religion and beliefs play a significant role in differentiating people in Sandy Springs, its impact is rarely, felt like that brought about by the wealthy and the rich in the society. A common belief among the people in Sandy Springs, which doubles as a Christianity belief is the equality of all people before God. Thus, we do not judge people according to their religion. While Christianity is the dominant religion, Islam is also popular. Still, a section of Indians living in the city believes in Hinduism. There is also a temple somewhere at the middle of the city, where Jews worship. Churches are all over, with some of the newest established ministries and others, which have existed over a long time. No form of personality or character defines people in Sandy Springs in relation to their beliefs and religion. Most people in Sandy Springs city work in offices; others own different businesses in the city. This forms the class difference between the rich and the poor, as successful business owners have more wealth than the working class. There is no equitable distribution of wealth in the community. The richest people who live in the suburbs have better lifestyles than those living in the heavily populated estates. Down town, Sandy Springs is a buzz with all kinds of business, while the uptown has a cool and serene environment. These people afford to live in expensive homesteads, with guards and alarms connected to the police station. They enjoy personalized services like the EMS, have towering walls to themselves and receive reliable services such as internet connectivity, among others. Serenity defines these areas, with more vegetation cover in the surroundings, springs and grass . These are however the few minority with resounding influence in either the business or political classes in Sandy Springs. They take their children to good schools, can afford the best cars, wine and dine in prestigious hotels and restaurants. Rarely does the rich class take a bus to work, or wait for the train. Their children drive to school, of course in expensive cars just like their parents. Contrary to these people is the working class, which either takes a bus to work or boards the morning train. Their children afford to skate to school, or ride, but cannot drive. Even if they drove, their cars match less with those of the rich. They go to the general schools, with minimal specialization in the kind of learning they provide. These people live in the populated neighborhoods, with little security.

Study of Organizational Culture and the Indian Army

Study of Organizational Culture and the Indian Army THE INDIAN ARMY is the land based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. It came into being in 1947 when India gained independence, and inherited most of the infrastructure of the British Indian Army that was located in post-partition India. It is a voluntary service and though there is a provision for military conscription in the Indian constitution, it has never been imposed. The Indian Army is the worlds second-largest standing army whose primary mission is to ensure the national security and defense of the Republic of India from external aggression and threats and maintaining peace and security within its borders. It also conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. CULTURE is comprised by the customs, heritage and achievements of a particular segment of society. Organizational culture is the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values of an organization and its employees. In this case, we talk about the army. As an organization, its culture is the sum total of the activities and ideas shared by this group of people with its common requirements, customs, laws and traditions. These are percolated across the Army by the thoughts and feelings of the people concerned and are reinforced by actions of individuals and sub-groups to present a whole picture of a common and shared perception of a uniform blend of ideals working and striving towards the achievement of a common goal. By ultimately working in accordance with and in response to a single will, political and military they attain the objectives laid down for them in peace, and particularly during operations in war. This is how the Army is designed and it is mandatory that this design is followed in the best manner possible for maintaining and preserving the solidarity and cohesion of the force and its professional competence. The two epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata constitute the framework on which the edifice of Army is built. The elements of culture have been imbibed a lot from these two epics. Even in the Indian army just like Mahabharata, the good of the nation is put first rather than the individual. In terms of power distribution just like the Ramayana the Indian Army is a well structured organisation. There is a central authority of power which releases orders, the people at various levels follow orders from the superior and respect them at the same time. There are clear cut guidelines for each and every army personnel to follow and deviations from the same are not appreciated in the Institute. Army as an institute lays special emphasis on attention to details as they need to be sure of everything before going out for war. The armed personnel have both facets in their personality they are aggressive when required and can be stable when required. The Indian army has people orientation also as part of its culture. It believes more than the artillery the men are their biggest strength. They have proper training facilities to inculcate them into the culture of the Indian Army. To further understand the culture of the Indian Army we interviewed three Army personnel. The following is a gist of the three interviews What are key facets of Culture of the Indian Army? The key facets of Indian Army include a sense of bonding, they are a unit which is closely knit, an extremely disciplined bunch of people with high levels of motivation. They have high respect for what they do and their peer group. In practise, a lot of times the Indian Army does not receive its promised share of returns and hence the general moral of the troops takes a dip. This can be attributed to bureaucratic interference. How does the organisation structure impact culture? The organisation structure helps them integrate with the culture, since it clearly defines roles of individuals. At the same time it also brings in a sense of respect towards their seniors. How do the forces men get to know about the culture of Indian Army when they are recruited? Culture is imbibed in the men right from the days of training. It is a rigorous training method followed at the IMA/NDA/OTA to train these bright young individuals to become men of the Indian army. During the training period through their interactions with seniors the recruits learn more than the functionalities of the Indian Army. They say it is one the best ways in which culture is imbibed in the minds of these young individuals. What is sought after in Indian Army the larger Interest or Individual requests? Its the interest of the nation that is the most important thing for any of the armed forces men. He puts the nation before everything in his life. How clearly are roles defined in the Indian Army? Roles are very clearly defined in the Indian Army. A hierarchy structure is in place. The posting of individuals happens on the basis of role requirement and then finding the best fit. Does culture also evolve and is there scope for new traditions? Indian army is an institute which believes in continuous development for the better, at the same it believes in maintaining its rich heritage. In a nutshell it amalgamates the old and new and ensures the best is created. But it likes to hold on to its past a lot. Any knowledge of cross culture impact of the people as they come from various backgrounds? It is probably the best example to understand homogeneity in heterogeneity. The backgrounds which people come from are diverse but at the same time at the centre of their diversity is unity which binds them to guard their nations boundaries. Due to varied backgrounds, individuals learn to appreciate others and also at the same time learn to celebrate differences. How important is detailing as a facet of culture in the Indian Army? The most important facet of Indian Armys culture is detailing. One cannot go to battle field without knowing every detail of war. Special emphasis is laid on detailing right from the training period of each and every personnel. An eye for detailing is extremely important as well as highly appreciated in the Indian Army. How does the Indian army communicate its culture to the outside world? Each army personnel is the brand ambassador of the Indian army. He/She is role model for todays youth and carries himself accordingly. Besides Indian army leads by example in every aspect it gets itself involved in. But in totality the army is a very closed organisation and not appreciative unwarranted interaction with the outside world. How do you deal with someone who does not follow the culture of Indian Army? For somebody who is not in line with the culture, they are various stages of ensuring that the person is brought in line with the culture like warnings and annual reports. But if all the options dont work out then Court Marshall is also an option which is exercised where the armed personnel is made to forfeit his position and honour associated with it. FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL ASPECTS The mission statement of the Indian Army is not a very clearly defined one. On a broader perspective the Indian Army stands for the following ideology: The Indian Army doctrine defines it as The Indian Army is the land component of the Indian Armed Forces which exist to uphold the ideals of the Constitution of India. As a major component of national power, along with the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force, the roles of the Indian Army are as follows: Primary: Preserve national interests and safeguard sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of India against any external threats by deterrence or by waging war. Secondary: Assist Government agencies to cope with proxy war and other internal threats and provide aid to civil authority when requisitioned for the purpose. Following is the tabulation of the functional and dysfunctional aspects of the Indian Army: Functional Aspects Dysfunctional Aspects It is a highly integrated organization Interference by the bureaucracy. The bureaucracy tries to influence decision making and hence some decisions tend to go haywire, creating confusions for the people around. The motivational levels of the personnel of the Armed Forces are extremely high which is needed for the job profile that they have. Red Tapism. There is a lot of lethargy in some departments to get the things to action. This is quite unacceptable for an institution like the Indian Army. There is immense respect for an individual as well as for the team spirit. Distributed decision making. This causes some crucial decisions to be delayed. The organization has an excellent training programme, which grooms the complete personality of an individual instead of focussing on one aspect. Budget allocations are not defined within the Organization. Hence, the allocation is not even sometimes. They have extremely high standards for selection to the Indian Army, and despite a manpower crunch they have decided not to lower the selection criterion. Indian Army needs to attract the correct talent, which currently it is unable to do. This can be attributed to the lack of proper and correct information to the youth. Very good quality of life for the people who are a part of the Indian Army. Lobbying for promotions. At the senior level, there is a lot of push and pull for getting the coveted positions. This creates an unhealthy environment in the organization. Indian Army ensure a good post retirement life. Low incentive remunerations. Anomalies in the pay structure for the armed forces are a common occurrence. Indian Army provides opportunities to experience various cultures and live in various places as a part of their tenures. ACTION PLAN Based on the derived dysfunctional aspects, we can note that the discrepancies occur on two fronts: External influences Internal functions The issues caused by external influences include: Interference by the bureaucracy The Army should set such high standards that its perceived image is one where it only serves its mission and cannot be influenced. This image will deter all kinds of informal requests and interferences. This can be done by giving more autonomy to the forces in the framework of the organizations serving the country. The issues caused by internal functions include: Red tapism The Army witnesses excessive regulation and rigid conformity to formal rules that at times prevents swift action or decision-making. The organization should allow for flexibility in structure of actions and decision making. Also, it can include cutting of red tape as a policy promise. Hierarchical decision making Orders issued by Army personnel are of critical importance, and thus the decisions to these orders need to be taken on time without any delays. This can be done by empowering officials at different levels so that decisions can be immediately taken and there arises no need to wait for sanctions from the top order when it is urgent. Uneven budget allocations Studying and understanding of every departments needs, will help carry out equal and effective budget distributions. This will ensure availability of all needed resources to all departments. Poor perceived image The armys current image is unable to attract attention of the youth for new recruits. This can be fixed by better communication and public relations exercise. Lobbying for promotions It is crucial for every organization to ensure that there are no unethical practises taking place. To prevent any lobbying for promotions, the Army should give due appraisals based on merit at the right time. It should also devise a protective mechanism for all those who report these unethical practises; this will help report all such malpractices. Unequal remuneration compared to other Government Organizations This brings about lack of motivation in the Army officials. The Government must ensure that the relative appraisals in all its organizations are at par. Acknowledgement We would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Shubhra Gaur for giving us this opportunity to conduct research on the Indian Army and its Culture and to study the various functional and dysfunctional aspects associated with this organization. We would also like to thank Maj.Gen.(Retd) D.V. Kalra, VSM for helping us understand the culture and working style of the Indian Army..

Fundamental Principle of Arbitration Essay

In other word, arbitration is the outcome of a private agreement between parties to settle their disputes from the courts, and submit it to the decision of a private tribunal. If the principle of privacy is breached, the arbitration will be effected. The second principle is confidentiality. It is when that all takes place at arbitration is confidential. Either party or tribunal cannot disclose to third person without the consent of the other except for the purpose of the proper conduct of the arbitration. However, there is a question regarding to these two principles which is whether privacy automatically results in confidentiality or does it automatically demand confidentiality. There are two main areas of confidentiality which are confidentiality prior to award and confidentiality after award. According to English law, there are two opinions regarding with this issue. First, if it was absence of an express term in an arbitration clause providing for confidentiality, the presumption of confidentiality will applies. Second, the general duty of confidentiality cannot be implied in a silent clause for arbitration in an agreement. However, this opinion has been criticized since it is a break with the general principle of confidentiality. In Malaysia, there is no doubt that privacy and confidentiality are regarded as essential features for the parties to the arbitration. An arbitrator in breach of the confidentiality requirements would be exposed to misconduct proceedings. Finally, the duty of confidentiality is not absolute and was subject to limited qualifications or exceptions such as consent, compulsion of law, disclosure by leave of the court or disclosure necessary for the purpose necessary of protecting the interest of an arbitrating party.

The Hidden Gem of Essay Samples of Taj Mahal

The Hidden Gem of Essay Samples of Taj Mahal The Hidden Facts About Essay Samples of Taj Mahal Board members are going to have place to create announcements and bring up community difficulties. On the very first day, you are going to be getting a guided tour of this city. Each year thousands of visitors arrive at the Agra to see its attractiveness. You will be able to observe all famed places. Our food came out promptly! The buffet also has vegetarian choices. Since then the place attracted a great deal of domestic and global travelers and is presently one of the top tourist destinations in India. Such fantastic service each moment! The Birth of Essay Samples of Taj Mahal The maturation of the industries is essential but not at the expense of the surroundings. The 2 structures not only offer an architectural symmetry, but in addition result in an aesthetic color contrast. Every one of the segments is divided by various channels. It started to entice lots of people from some other cultures due to its beauty and the mystery behind it. It's famous all around the world. Its special beauty attracts the interest of the folks of the nation and foreign nations. In addition, it reminds us of the ability of love and the way it can set an example for generations to come. The immediate effect of the attacks was felt on the continuing peace process between the 2 nations. Utilizing eco-friendly fuels in vehicles like CNG may also be beneficial. A well designed and simple to use website can assist the residents of your association by making them feel as they are a part of the community. Lies You've Been Told About Essay Samples of Taj Mahal Taj Mahal is unique for assorted factors. He took many years to get completed. He is indeed a beautiful place. He is one of the main reasons why India is famous. The actual graves are merely beneath it. On her death-bed you promise her you won't ever remarry and you'll build a monument inside her memory. So the fighter plane doesn't observe the Taj Mahal. It's also one of the marvels of the world that are found in the Agra Uttar Pradesh India. It is situated in the Agra, Uttar Pradesh. It's said that the government of India set a ban on the more research of the presence of Taj Mahal. The majority of the India seek tourist on the planet is at Taj Mahal. What You Don't Know About Essay Samples of Taj Mahal It is among the greatest and highly attractive monuments of the world that has been mentioned as the 7th wonders of earth. There's a tomb in the middle of the plataorm. Furthermore, the vault leaves one particular panting in wonder. Small craters were all around the ground and bullet marks all over the walls. Mortared regions of the marble buildings are stained or painted in a contrasting colour which produces a complicated selection of geometric patterns. The four smaller domes emphasize the form of the dome. The Taj isn't an isolated phenomenon, the creation of one mastermind but the glorious consummation of a fantastic epoch of art. Inside are utilized to continue the history, is among the golden temple earlier. Before studying the tomb ornamentation, it is essential to contemplate the terrace construction. The roof is composed of white silk. The dome is a little more asymmetrical. It is made of white marble.

What Is a Post Hoc Logical Fallacy

Post hoc (a shortened form of post hoc, ergo propter hoc) is a logical   fallacy in which one event is said to be the cause of a later event simply because it occurred earlier. Although two events might be consecutive, says Madsen Pirie in How to Win Every Argument (2015), we cannot simply assume that the one would not have occurred without the other. Why Post Hoc Is a Fallacy Post hoc is a fallacy because correlation does not equal causation. You cannot blame your friends for a rain delay just because every time they go with you to a ballgame it storms and play is delayed. Likewise, the fact that a pitcher bought new socks before he pitched a winning game does not mean that new socks cause a pitcher to throw faster. The Latin expression  post hoc, ergo propter hoc  can be translated literally as after this, therefore because of this. The concept can also be called faulty causation,  the fallacy of false cause,  arguing from succession alone  or assumed causation. Post Hoc Examples: Medicine The search for causes of diseases is rife with post hoc examples. Not only are medical researchers constantly seeking causes of or cures for medical maladies, but patients are also on the lookout for anything—no matter how unlikely—that might help to alleviate their symptoms. In some cases, there is also a desire to find a cause outside of genetics or luck which can be blamed for health or developmental challenges. Malaria The long search for the cause of malaria was fraught with post hoc fallacies. It was observed that persons who went out at night often developed the malady. So, on the best post hoc reasoning, night air was assumed to be the cause of malaria, and elaborate precautions were taken to shut it out of sleeping quarters, explained author Stuart Chase. Some scientists, however, were skeptical of this theory. A long series of experiments eventually proved that malaria was caused by the bite of the anopheles mosquito. Night air entered the picture only because mosquitoes preferred to attack in the dark. (Guides to Straight Thinking. Harper, 1956) Autism During the early 2000s, the search for a cause of autism led to vaccines, though no scientific link has been found between the administration of vaccines and the onset of autism. The time that children are vaccinated and the time theyre diagnosed do closely correlate, however, leading upset parents to  assign blame to the immunizations, for lack of a better explanation.  Ã‚   Post Hoc Variation: Inflated Causality In the inflated causality version of post hoc, the proposed idea tries to boil down a happening to one singular cause, when in actuality, the event is more complex than that. However, the idea is not completely untrue, which is why its called  inflated  rather than just completely faulty. For example, each of these explanations is incomplete: Attributing the cause of World War II to only Adolf Hitlers hatred of the JewsSuggesting that John F. Kennedy won the presidency over Richard Nixon exclusively because of the debate on TVBelieving that the cause of the Reformation was simply Martin Luther posting his thesesExplaining that the U.S. Civil War was fought only because of slavery Economics is a complex issue, so it can be a fallacy to attribute any particular happening to just one cause, whether it be the latest unemployment statistics or one policy being the magic fuel for economic growth.   Post Hoc Examples: Crime In a search for reasons for increased crime, a New York Times article ((Sewell Chan, Are iPods to Blame for Rising Crime? September 27, 2007) looked at a report that appeared to blame iPods: The report suggests that the rise in violent offending and the explosion in the sales of iPods and other portable media devices is more than coincidental, and asks, rather provocatively, Is There an iCrime Wave? The report notes that nationally, violent crime fell every year from 1993 to 2004, before rising in 2005 and 2006, just as America’s streets filled with millions of people visibly wearing, and being distracted by, expensive electronic gear. Of course, as any social scientist will tell you, correlation and causation are not the same thing.